Representation
A representation is something that stands for another thing. Did the AI system consider my gender or race when reaching this output? Key Points: We think of AI systems like a chatbot as working through a request to reach a…
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Embodiment
An agent is embodied if it interacts with the world through a body that perceives, acts, and occupies space. Does an AI system need a body to truly understand and intelligently engage with the world, or can disembodied systems achieve…
Common-Sense Psychology
Common-sense psychology is the implicit framework people use to interpret behaviour and mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions to explain and predict the actions of ourselves, others, animals, and recently AI systems. Can a chatbot have beliefs, desires,…
Reasoning
Reasoning is a mental process in which a thinker moves step-by-step through a series of thoughts in the service of working out what is the case or what to do. AI systems produce intelligent outputs but do they, like humans,…
Artificiality
An artificial object is an object created by an agent, typically a human. Artificial objects are to be contrasted with natural objects, which just are those objects not created by agents. What is ‘artificial’ about artificial intelligence? Is a person…
Rationality
At a minimum, a system is rational when it utilises good reasoning principles to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of reasonable evidence. Beyond this, a rational agent might also be required to have appropriate goals, to optimise satisfaction…
Artificial General Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an artefact, created by a human agent, that is capable of behaviour we would view as intelligent if it were human. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is an AI whose intelligence is equal to or surpasses human intelligence in…
Moral Responsibility
Someone, or something, is morally responsible for their actions, if they have sufficient knowledge of, and control over, their actions and potential outcomes, and might reasonably be the subject of, for instance, praise or blame for those actions. Are AI…
Bias
A bias is a systematic inclination in a particular–possibly unwanted–direction. Are AI systems biased? Key Points: Different disciplines have different definitions of the term ‘bias’ (for instance, in neural network architecture ‘bias’ refers to the learnable parameters added to an…
Intention
An intention is a motivational mental state, formed when an agent plans and decides how to act, which captures the way they commit to bring about a certain outcome. When an AI system produces intelligent outputs and has effects in…