Metacognition (literally cognition about cognition) is used to pick out a loose cluster of cognitive operations, skills, or capabilities that monitor and control other cognitive operations, skills, or capabilities. AI systems can perform operations over some of their own processes,…
The transformer architecture is a deep learning architecture responsible for the recent dramatic advances in natural language processing and other forms of AI. What is it about the structure of large language models that has contributed to the incredible advances…
To bullshit is to utter (seemingly) meaningful words or sentences without regard for the truth, perhaps with the intent to disguise what one’s up to. Is this what Large Language Models are doing? Or are they “Hallucinating”? Large Language Models…
A representation is something that stands for another thing. Did the AI system consider my gender or race when reaching this output? Key Points: We think of AI systems like a chatbot as working through a request to reach a…
An agent is embodied if it interacts with the world through a body that perceives, acts, and occupies space. Does an AI system need a body to truly understand and intelligently engage with the world, or can disembodied systems achieve…
Common-sense psychology is the implicit framework people use to interpret behaviour and mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions to explain and predict the actions of ourselves, others, animals, and recently AI systems. Can a chatbot have beliefs, desires,…
Reasoning is a mental process in which a thinker moves step-by-step through a series of thoughts in the service of working out what is the case or what to do. AI systems produce intelligent outputs but do they, like humans,…
An artificial object is an object created by an agent, typically a human. Artificial objects are to be contrasted with natural objects, which just are those objects not created by agents. What is ‘artificial’ about artificial intelligence? Is a person…
At a minimum, a system is rational when it utilises good reasoning principles to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of reasonable evidence. Beyond this, a rational agent might also be required to have appropriate goals, to optimise satisfaction…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an artefact, created by a human agent, that is capable of behaviour we would view as intelligent if it were human. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is an AI whose intelligence is equal to or surpasses human intelligence in…